Minolta Flash meter IV User Manual download pdf (Page 3)

TO LIGHT METERS

INTRODUCTION

LIGHT METERS

721

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Spot Meters

The spot meter allows precise

readings to be made of small

areas of the scene. Its narrow

field of view measures light

reflected from as small as a

1-degree circle.Any number

of areas can be measured to

create a set of values for a

particular scene, this enables

the photographer to deter-

mine the most suitable light-

ing arrangement and expo-

sure settings that will pro-

duce the desired result.

In-Camera Spot Meters

Although a number of

advanced SLRs offer spot

metering capability,the

metering angle is directly

related to the focal length of

the camera lens in use. Every

time the lens is changed, the

effective spot meter angle

changes.With a normal lens

in use, the spot-metering

angle may be 15° or more.A

hand-held 1° spot meter con-

sistently allows the most

selective measurement of dis-

tant subjects as well as small

areas in the scene.

Advantages of Reflected

Spot Measurement

A spot measurement is ideal

for special situations includ-

ing measuring distant sub-

jects, backlight, extreme

brightness range, highly

reflective surfaces, or when

an incident meter cannot be

positioned directly in front

of the subject. Reflected spot

measurements of an 18% gray

midtone, or an average of sig-

nificant shadow and highlight

measurements, allow the pho-

tographer to make an expo-

sure that will record detail,

tonality and accurate color.

Flash Meters

The flash meter measures the

brilliant and instantaneous

burst of light produced by elec-

tronic flash sources and displays

the correct aperture settings.

Flash meters usually measure

the incident light falling on a

subject, however some meters

also measure reflected light as

well. Many flash meters take in

to consideration the effects of

available light.

Color Temperature

Meters

A color temperature meter

measures the color quality of

ambient light, the light from

electronic flash, or a combina-

tion of both.

The meter analyzes the color

characteristics of the light

source(s) exposing the subject,

and then displays the required

filtration to color balance the

scene for the film being used,

if any, as well as color temper-

ature in degrees Kelvin.

Color temperature meters usu-

ally include calibrations for

daylight and tungsten films.

Color temperature meters may

not provide accurate readings

for light sources with narrow

band spikes and depressions in

their light distribution.

Sodium vapor, metal-halide,

and fluorescent lamps are

examples of light sources that

are difficult to measure. Color-

bracketed test exposures are

therefore recommended to

verify that the recommended

filtration is correct.

Color Measurement of

Ambient Light

Ambient light refers to a con-

tinuous source of light falling

on the subject, such as daylight,

tungsten or other sources.

If the ambient light originates

from only one source, accurate

measurements are easily made.

However, if lights from multi-

ple sources illuminate the sub-

ject, color measurements are

more complicated.

• When the light consists of a

single color temperature,the

meter should generally be held

facing the main light source

and as close to the source as

possible.

• When the ambient light

comes from multiple light

sources with different color

temperatures, each light source

should be measured and the

appropriate color correction

filter sheets used.

• When ambient light and elec-

tronic flash are used together,

the meter should be pointed at

the flash. The required filtra-

tion that is required will be

indicated.

When using shutter speeds

that are lower than the flash

synchronization setting, the

meter will show the modified

filtration that is needed for

proper color balance.

When light-balancing filtra-

tion is indicated, it is prefer-

able to use gelatin-type filters

in front of the light fixture(s),

rather than the camera lens.

Keeping the optical path free

of filtration avoids problems

caused by dust, etc. on the fil-

ter(s).Also filter factors need

not be taken into account.

Illustrations & copy adapted

courtesy of Mamiya America Corp.

Sekonic Professional Division.

Total Exposure Control With

Hand-Held Metering

White

Plate

Incident

Reflected

Gray

Plate

Black

Plate

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Minolta Flash meter IV User Manual Page 3

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